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        <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://c.biancheng.net/view/1317.html">参考文档一</a></p>
<h4 id="设计模式"><a href="#设计模式" class="headerlink" title="设计模式"></a>设计模式</h4><p>设计模式（Design Pattern）是一套被反复使用、多数人知晓的、经过分类编目的、代码设计经验的总结。</p>
<p>使用设计模式是为了重用代码、让代码更容易被他人理解、保证代码的可靠性。毫无疑问，设计模式于己于他人于系统都是多赢的，设计模式使代码编制真正工程化，设计模式是软件工程的基石，如同大厦的一块块基石一样。项目中合理的使用设计模式可以完美的解决很多问题，每种模式在现实中都有相应的原理来与之对应，每一种模式描述了一个在我们周围不断重复发生的问题，以及该问题的核心解决方案，这也是它被广泛应用的原因。</p>
<p>简单来说:</p>
<ul>
<li>模式：在某些场景下，针对某类问题的某种通用的解决方案</li>
<li>场景：项目所在的环境</li>
<li>问题：约束条件，项目目标等</li>
<li>解决方案：通用、可复用的设计，解决约束达到目标</li>
</ul>
<span id="more"></span>
<h4 id="设计模式的三个分类"><a href="#设计模式的三个分类" class="headerlink" title="设计模式的三个分类"></a>设计模式的三个分类</h4><p>按照目的来分:</p>
<ol>
<li>创建型模式：对象实例化的模式，创新型模式用于解耦对象的实例化过程</li>
<li>结构性模式：把类或对象结合在一起形成一个更大的结构</li>
<li>行为型模式：类和对象如何交互，及划分责任和算法。<br><img src="http://localhost:4000/2020/09/21/java%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/001.png" alt></li>
</ol>
<p>按照作用范围来分(主要应用在类上还是对象上):</p>
<ol>
<li>类模式<br>a. 工厂方法<br>b. (类)适配器<br>c. 模板方法<br>d. 解释器</li>
<li>对象模式<br>除了上面的四种类模式，其余的都是为对象</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="各分类模式中的关键点"><a href="#各分类模式中的关键点" class="headerlink" title="各分类模式中的关键点"></a>各分类模式中的关键点</h4><ol>
<li>创建型模式<ul>
<li>单例模式：某个类只能有一个实例，提供一个全局的访问点</li>
<li>简单工厂：一个工厂类根据传入的参量决定创建出哪一种产品类的实例</li>
<li>工厂方法：定义一个创建对象的接口，让子类决定实例化哪个类</li>
<li>抽象工厂：创建相关或依赖对象的家族，而无需明确指定具体类</li>
<li>建造者模式：封装一个复杂对象的构建过程，并可以按步骤构造</li>
<li>原型模式：通过复制现有的实例来创建新的实例</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>结构型模式<ul>
<li>适配器模式：将一个类的方法接口转换成客户希望的另外一个接口</li>
<li>组合模式：将对象组合成树形结构以表示 “部分-整体” 的层次结构</li>
<li>装饰模式：动态的给对象添加新的功能</li>
<li>代理模式：为其他对象提供一个代理以便控制这个对象的访问</li>
<li>享元（蝇量）模式：通过共享技术来有效的支持大量细粒度的对象</li>
<li>外观模式：对外提供一个统一的方法，来访问子系统中的一群接口</li>
<li>桥接模式：将抽象部分和它的实现部分分离，是它们都可以独立的变化。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>行为型模式<ul>
<li>模板模式：定义一个算法结构，而将一些步骤延迟到子类实现</li>
<li>解释器模式：给定一个语言，定义它的文法的一种表示，并定义一个解释器</li>
<li>策略模式：定义一系列算法，把它们封装起来，并且使它们可以相互替换</li>
<li>状态模式：允许一个对象在其对象内部状态改变时改变它的行为</li>
<li>观察者模式：对象间的一对多的依赖关系</li>
<li>备忘录模式：在不破坏封装的前提下，保持对象的内部状态</li>
<li>中介者模式：用一个中介对象来封装一系列的对象交互</li>
<li>命令模式：将命令请求封装为一个对象，使得可以用不同的请求进行参数化</li>
<li>访问者模式：在不改变数据结构的前提下，增加作用于一组对象元素的新功能</li>
<li>责任链模式：将请求的发送者和接收者解耦，使得多个对象都有处理这个请求的机会</li>
<li>迭代器模式：一种遍历访问聚合对象中各个元素的方法，不暴露该对象的内部结构</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>

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